Man I feel a lot of what you are saying. I know what it is like to have a 16 year old grasp of things like relationships much later in life (32 in my case).
I seems kind of profound to read about work the way you put it. "That's a all job is when you break it down - someone pays you to solve a problem that someone else has." That is the way the world has become. I was mildly shocked (is that an oxymoron?) to learn that the majority of people in developed countries work in some kind of office job. First of all I am a trades person and fairly removed from the "office world." But to think about that... how does a country run that way? Most people essentially aren't producing anything. Many are probably doing something very redundant. Isn't that almost like a false economy? Before the industrial revolution, the majority of people were employed by agriculture. The industrial revolution came along and eventually the majority became employed at manufacturing/production of some kind. But now, the majority solve someone else problems. Why does the someone else have that problem? Because they were trying to solve someone else problem... and so on end an endless rotating wheel. What a strange kind of existence.
Spending all your time working is something else I can relate to. The solution is to find a way out of it. How can your rise above? I might recommend a book to you that I read called "The 4 hour work week." It mostly seems to involve outsourcing your job to give yourself a ton of free time, and maybe become wealthy at the same time. I found it was not very applicable for a person like myself who works with my hands. An office/white collar kind of person however is the target audience.
I guess the economy works due to the fact that so much production is automated and products are mass produced very quickly and relatively cheaply. It seems to be that services are what are very expensive in developed economies. I guess it is similar to the fact that a long time ago, the vast majority of people worked in agriculture and farming, then it was production and manufacturing, and now it is the service industry.
As far as the short work week goes, it hard to see that working in my job. We make our money by charging our clients based on billable hours. Plus we have annual total hour budget goals. The worst part of it all is being a salaried employee. Basically, we have to work a ton of overtime during this part of the year and are not paid one penny extra for this overtime. It is such a rip off and I consider hourly to be a much fairer system.