I know about this, and about the racing thoughts, I remember everything that has ever happened to me emotionally since the age of two. Thought it was simply me, but its also my Aspie brain as well. When menopause began the thoughts would not stop, nor the recriminations, or the inner critic's.
They were all things I internalized all the way back from childhood and afterward. Critical inner voices are a torment, and they make you suffer. My therapist said that 'the things that we tell ourselves are not always true,' they can be lies told to us by other people and sometimes they are simply observations that hurt. Up until about five years ago I had a lifetimes worth of ptsd from contact with my biological family.
You have to work at stopping the thoughts like you have been, recognizing them at first, just noticing, then eventually cutting them off mid-sentence. I've been able to over a period of years to provide counter evidence each time a thought comes to me that I know to be untrue. For example: 'You are lazy' I counter this with a list of things I've done that day, and the recrimination seems to stop. It takes a long time, but you have already changed Catlover and things can only improve. Someone who has experienced the things you have, and come out on the other side has a backbone made of stainless steel. Even if it doesn't feel like that now, you will realize it eventually.