I read the "ASD gene KDM5A", like I would read the "American scientist John Doe".only one gene responsible for autism? - I doubt it
The statement does not necessarily imply it's the only gene just like it's not implied that America has only one scientist.
Admittedly, English is ambiguous in this usage. But I tend to look at the broader possible meaning first, and only go more restrictive when the context indicates.