Doesn’t “negligence” apply to acts of omission only (i.e. not doing things and causing harm by not doing them) rather than acts of commission (actively doing something that causes harm)?
Negligence can be active or passive. It can be an act of commission or a failure to act/omission. Negligence is measured by the "reasonable person" standard. What would a "reasonable person" have done in these circumstances? The devil, of course, is in the details, and it is up to the jury or judge to determine what a "reasonable person" would have done that the particular situation at issue and to compare that behavior with what the defendant did or didn't do, in deciding whether or not a person was negligent. If a person falls below the standard of care that a "reasonable person" would have exercised under the circumstances causing harm to another person, then that person is legally negligent.
Clear as mud, huh? Welcome to the legal world. LOL