De novo/epigenetic genes are typically those that are part of our DNA and may be silent for generations,...but are then "activated" when some stimulus "triggers" them,...and then sets in motion some "other" cellular metabolic function. So,...within the context of autism,...a sperm and egg come together, the chromosomes and DNA combine forming the genetic information for this new person. Some of those genes are from your parents,...anything familial,...this new person will either exhibit those genetic traits, or be a "carrier" (having the gene, but not express it).
Now, here's what we are sorting out right now,...of the 1000+ de novo genes identified as "associated" with autism,...what are the triggers for activating those genes? Is it changes in societies where people are having children later and later in life,..."old sperm and eggs",...seems likely, as there is a significant rise in all sorts of fetal/pediatric health issues/anomalies with "older parents" (32+ years of age). "Older" parents are also more likely to be diabetic/prediabetic, have gestational diabetes, have hypothyroidism, low testosterone/high estrogen,...all of which have been identified as strongly associated with autism. Furthermore,...good Lord,...we are quite aware of all the build-up of environmental toxins, phytoestrogens (plastic bottle BPA, soy, etc.). A lot going on here. So, the autism genome project has identified several autism variants associated with specific triggers,...but it clearly is not complete. It is very possible that with one person, the autism was primarily triggered by mom and dad being 35+ and having hormonal imbalances,...and another person, the autism was triggered by the insecticides being sprayed on the fields near their home. This is all speculation, and we need to know more before pointing fingers. Clearly, there is no "smoking gun".
Furthermore, we also have this interesting concept of "genetic loading",...it was identified that female autistics have significantly more of these autism genes activated than males,...yet, the interesting part is that it takes a lot more genetic loading for females to exhibit their autism than males. A possible reason for the 4:1 male:female autism diagnosis rates,...OR,...is it that clinicians are focused upon diagnosing autism based upon male identifiers,...and not female identifiers,...suggesting a need for female-specific autism testing and identification methods? A lot of questions.