J. Baldwin, tech editor for Whole Earth, reckoned that it took three tries to make a new thing. Once to see the overall construction, once to fix the obvious problems, and once to get it close to what you originally had in mind.
Japanese quality has a lot to do with W. Edwards Deming, who was being ignored in his native US, but got sent to Japan to help with reconstruction. Eventually, a US firm was ordering some precision parts from Japan, and in the contract, stated that they would accept an error rate of 3 per 10,000. They received the order of 100,000 parts, and a separate package containing 30 defective units, with a note explaining that they didn't understand what they were needed for, but hoped that they were suitable.
Japanese quality has a lot to do with W. Edwards Deming, who was being ignored in his native US, but got sent to Japan to help with reconstruction. Eventually, a US firm was ordering some precision parts from Japan, and in the contract, stated that they would accept an error rate of 3 per 10,000. They received the order of 100,000 parts, and a separate package containing 30 defective units, with a note explaining that they didn't understand what they were needed for, but hoped that they were suitable.